Russia’s parliament has taken a significant step toward lifting the Taliban’s designation as a banned “terrorist” organization, signaling a new chapter in Moscow’s engagement with Afghanistan’s de facto rulers.
On Tuesday, the Russian State Duma approved a bill that introduces a formal mechanism to delist organizations previously designated as terrorist. This legislative framework sets the stage for a potential future decision to officially remove the Taliban from Russia’s list of outlawed groups. The bill now heads to the Federation Council, Russia’s upper parliamentary chamber, before reaching President Vladimir Putin for final approval.
Moscow has progressively strengthened ties with the Taliban since the Islamist group took control of Afghanistan following the United States’ chaotic withdrawal in August 2021. Although Russia still does not formally recognize the Taliban-led government — officially named the “Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan” — the Kremlin has actively engaged with its leadership, underscoring a pragmatic shift in diplomatic relations.
The new mechanism outlined in the bill grants Russia’s Prosecutor General the authority to file a legal motion to remove a group from the terrorist list, provided it is determined to have “ceased activities in support of terrorism.” A court ruling would then be required to formalize the removal.
During a visit to Kabul last month, senior Russian security officials reassured Afghan counterparts that Moscow was preparing to lift the Taliban’s terrorist designation. The move, however, will stop short of recognizing the Taliban’s government — a stance no nation has officially adopted to date.
President Putin has previously referred to the Taliban as “allies in the fight against terrorism,” a sentiment echoed by Russia’s Foreign Minister, Sergei Lavrov. Lavrov has also urged Western powers to take responsibility for Afghanistan’s post-war reconstruction and to lift economic sanctions, which have exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in the country.
Russia’s Central Asian allies, including Afghanistan’s neighboring states, are following suit in recalibrating their approach to the Taliban. Kazakhstan, for instance, delisted the Taliban as a terrorist group in late 2023, paving the way for improved regional relations.
The anticipated removal of the Taliban from Russia’s terrorist list represents a broader effort by Moscow to assert its diplomatic influence in Afghanistan and the region. Both Russia and Afghanistan share a common challenge: growing political and economic isolation from the West. By enhancing ties with Kabul, Moscow hopes to strengthen its regional partnerships while presenting itself as a stabilizing force in Central Asia.
Despite these moves, the Taliban’s strict enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic law — particularly restrictions that have effectively erased women from public life — continues to draw widespread international condemnation. Nevertheless, Moscow’s engagement with the Taliban reflects a pragmatic geopolitical calculus, as both sides seek to navigate shifting alliances and regional dynamics.
The final decision to delist the Taliban now rests with Russian courts and President Putin’s approval, marking a pivotal moment for Russia-Afghanistan diplomacy and shaping future engagement in the region.
